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LaoShe(Chinese:老舍;Pinyin:LǎoShě,February3,1899–August24,1966)wasanot360问答edChinesewriter.Anovelista次军真苦务浓晶读具nddramatis凯格宗双观照t,hewasoneofthemostsignificantfiguresof20thcenturyChinesel士处困都叶皇失iterature,andisperhaps事色它鲜操端bestknownforhisnovelCamelXiangziorRickshawBoy(骆驼祥子)andtheplay兵让死滑跟重利解两号沉Teahouse(茶馆).HewasofManchuethnicity.
HewasbornShūQìngchūn(舒庆春)inBeijing,toapoorfamilyoftheSūmuruclanb传终角个elongingtotheRedBanner.In1913,hewas频admittedtoth没那规按小点eBeijingNormalThirdHighSchool(currentlyBei四重坏也装预jingThirdHighSchool),buthadtoleaveaftersev跟找聚游弱识教头岁究衡eralmonthsbecauseoffinan良全海火cialdifficulties.Inthesameyear,hewasacceptedintotheBeijingInstitu举孩代元济举么叶气包teforEducation,wherehegraduatedin1918.
Betwee色当者延杨谁断局n1918and1924hew乎当生时敌独征否asinvolvedasadministratorandfacultymemberatan之以已运被化管含针umberofprimaryandsecondaryschoolsinBeijingandTianjin.HewashighlyinfluencedbytheMayFourthMovement(1919).Hestated,"[宽The]MayFourth[Movement]gavemeanewspiritandanewliterarylanguage.Iamgratefulto[The]MayFourth[Movement],asitallowedmetobecomeawriter."
HewentontoserveaslecturerintheChinesesectionof组曾持液面模the(then)SchoolofOrientalStudies(nowtheSchoolofOrientalandAfricanStudies)attheUniversityofLondonfrom1924to1929.DuringhistimeinLondon,heabsorbedagreatdealofEnglishliteratureandbeganhisownwriting.Hislaternovel二马(MaandSon)drewontheseexperiences.
Inthesummerof1929,heleftBritainforSingapore,teachingattheChineseHighSchool(华侨中学).BetweenhisreturntoChinainthespringof1930until1937,hetaughtatseveraluniversities,includingCheelooUniversity(齐鲁大学)andShandongUniversity(Qingdao).
Hisfirstimportantnovel,LuotuoXiangzi(骆驼祥子,"CamelXiangzi,"widelyknownintheWestas"RickshawBoy"or"Rickshaw"),waspublishedin1936.ItdescribesthetragiclifeofarickshawpullerinBeijingofthe1920sandisconsideredtobeaclassicofmodernChineseliterature.TheEnglishversionRickshawBoybecameaUSbestsellerin1945;itwasanunauthorizedtranslationthataddedabowdlerizedhappyendingtothestory.In1982,theoriginalversionwasmadeintoafilmofthesametitle.
DuringWorldWarII,LaoShealsomadenotedcontributionsasaleaderofanti-JapanesewritersinChina.HebecamethevicechairmanoftheUnionofWritersafter1949.AftertheestablishmentofthePRC,hiswritingfelllargelyinlinewithstateideology,whereasbeforeithadbeenbroadlycriticalandsatirical.
LikethousandsofotherintellectualsinChina,heexperiencedmistreatmentintheCulturalRevolutionofthemid-1960s.RedGuardsoftheCulturalRevolutionhadattackedhimasacounterrevolutionary.Theyparadedhimthroughthestreetsandbeathiminpublic.Greatlyhumiliatedbothmentallyandphysically,hecommittedsuicidebydrowninghimselfinaBeijinglakein1966.Hisrelativeswereaccusedofimplicationinhis"crimes"butcontinuedtorescuehismanuscriptsafterhisdeath,hidingthemincoalpilesandachimneyandmovingthemfromhousetohouse.
HisotherimportantworksincludeSiShiTongTang(四世同堂,"FourGenerationsunderOneRoof"1944–1950),anoveldescribingthelifeoftheChinesepeopleduringtheJapaneseOccupation;CatCountry(猫城记)asatirewhichissometimesseenasthefirstimportantChinesesciencefictionnovel,ChaGuan(茶馆,"Teahouse"),aplaywrittenin1957;andLaoZhangdeZhexue(老张的哲学,"ThePhilosophyofOldZhang"),hisfirstpublishednovel,writteninLondon(1926).
TheLaosheTeaHouse(老舍茶馆),apopulartouristattractioninBeijingthatopenedin1988andfeaturesregularperformancesoftraditionalmusic,isnamedforLaoShe.[1]
Hehadfourchildren,onesonandthreedaughters.
